下面程式的问题是当打入学校名字，但输出的是一个字元而不是我输入的学校名称字串

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct rating{
    int rating_2011;
    int rating_2012;
};

struct school{
    char name[20];
    struct rating rating;
    int school_num;
};

int main ()
{
    char a[20];
    int b,c,d;
    printf("plz enter your school name:\n");
    scanf("%s",a);
    printf("plz enter your school rating in 2011:\n");
    scanf("%d",&b);
    printf("plz enter your school rating in 2012:\n");
    scanf("%d",&c);
    printf("plz enter your school number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&d);
    
    struct school no1={a,{b,c},d};
    struct school no2;
    
    no2=no1;
    
    printf("the name of your school is %s\n", no1.name);
    printf("the rating of %s in 2011 is %d\n",no1.name,no1.rating.rating_2011);
    printf("the rating of %s in 2012 is %d\n",no1.name,no1.rating.rating_2012);
    printf("the school number of %s is %d\n", no1.name,no1.school_num);
    
    printf("\n");
    
    printf("the name of your school is %s\n", no2.name);
    printf("the rating of %s in 2011 is %d\n",no2.name,no2.rating.rating_2011);
    printf("the rating of %s in 2012 is %d\n",no2.name,no2.rating.rating_2012);
    printf("the school number of %s is %d\n", no2.name,no2.school_num);
    
    printf("\n");
    
    system("Pause");
    return 0;
}

struct school no1={a,{b,c},d};
这句初始化有问题。我不知道你用的是什么编译器，这句居然能通过？允许用非常数数组初始化数组？

汗，难道是GCC？

我用的是xcode编译器

不对。VC也支持变量作为初时化列表的

    struct school no1={a,{b,c},d};
你不如直接声明no1，输入no1.name……

我用的是GCC，不支持这样初始化。但你的问题恐怕还是在这里，你那句我理解是将a的地址赋值给了name数组的第一个元素了。虽然a的地址为4字节，但赋值过程应该截段成一个字节了。告诉我的你执行结果，验证一下。

对不起，上面的程式码打错了，我打的是下面这个，a有引号

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct rating{
    int rating_2011;
    int rating_2012;
};

struct school{
    char name[20];
    struct rating rating;
    int school_num;
};

int main ()
{
    char a[20];
    int b,c,d;
    printf("plz enter your school name:\n");
    scanf("%s",a);
    printf("plz enter your school rating in 2011:\n");
    scanf("%d",&b);
    printf("plz enter your school rating in 2012:\n");
    scanf("%d",&c);
    printf("plz enter your school number:\n");
    scanf("%d",&d);
    
    struct school no1={"a",{b,c},d};
    struct school no2;
    
    no2=no1;
    
    printf("the name of your school is %s\n", no1.name);
    printf("the rating of %s in 2011 is %d\n",no1.name,no1.rating.rating_2011);
    printf("the rating of %s in 2012 is %d\n",no1.name,no1.rating.rating_2012);
    printf("the school number of %s is %d\n", no1.name,no1.school_num);
    
    printf("\n");
    
    printf("the name of your school is %s\n", no2.name);
    printf("the rating of %s in 2011 is %d\n",no2.name,no2.rating.rating_2011);
    printf("the rating of %s in 2012 is %d\n",no2.name,no2.rating.rating_2012);
    printf("the school number of %s is %d\n", no2.name,no2.school_num);
    
    printf("\n");
    
    system("Pause");
    return 0;
}

执行结果

plz enter your school name:
Tom
plz enter your school rating in 2011:
3
plz enter your school rating in 2012:
2
plz enter your school number:
456
the name of your school is a
the rating of a in 2011 is 3
the rating of a in 2012 is 2
the school number of a is 456

the name of your school is a
the rating of a in 2011 is 3
the rating of a in 2012 is 2
the school number of a is 456

整数输出是正确，但字串输出是错误，它直接变为a

没问题啊，你本来就是用一个常字符串初始化的name数组嘛。
建议你在下面加一句strcpy(no1.name, a);，包含头文件string.h。